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History of Harpers Ferry

Harpers Ferry, WV

The Story

Harper's Ferry is known for its incredible hikes and quaint town. Let's go into its history!

Europeans settled into the area in 1732. Robert Harper bought the land and established a ferry across the Potomac River, making the town a starting point for settlers moving west.

George Washington proposed it as the location for a new United States armory and arsenal. It produced more than 600,000 muskets, rifles, and pistols.

In 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of 21 men to seize the arsenal to initiate a slave uprising in the South. They attacked and captured several buildings. Local citizens and militia quickly pinned down John Brown's men. A contingent of US Marines, led by Robert E. Lee captured most of the raiders and tried them for treason.

The Civil War was disastrous for Harpers Ferry. When Virginia seceded, the US garrison attempted to burn the arsenal and destroy the machinery, to prevent the Confederates from using it. Locals saved the equipment, which the Confederate Army transferred to Richmond.

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Civil War

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  • April 18, 1861

    Burning of the Harpers Ferry Arsenal

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    Lt. Roger Jones torches the arsenal buildings rather than let their rifles fall to Virginia militia , then withdraws north; hours later Maj. Gen. Kenton Harper's Virginians occupy the town anyway, starting four years of Harpers Ferry changing hands.

    Event references (1)
  • June 14, 1861 – June 15, 1861

    Confederates Evacuate and Burn Harpers Ferry

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    Joe Johnston decides Winchester is the more defensible post and pulls his Confederates out; before leaving they burn the armory works, gutting the town's industry.

    Event references (2)
  • February 24, 1862

    Union Reoccupies Harpers Ferry

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    Union forces reoccupied Harpers Ferry in February 1862 as they advanced into the Shenandoah Valley. The specific command attribution in earlier wording requires further verification.

    Event references (1)
  • September 12, 1862 – September 15, 1862

    Siege of Harpers Ferry

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    Jackson surrounds and captures the 12,500-man Union garrison , the largest surrender of U.S. troops until World War II , freeing Lee's army to concentrate at Antietam.

  • September 22, 1862

    Union Reoccupies Harpers Ferry After Antietam

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    With Lee's invasion turned back, Union troops walk back into Harpers Ferry a week after its surrender.

    Event references (1)
  • July 1, 1863

    Confederates Drive Union Remnants from Harpers Ferry

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    The 12th Virginia Cavalry drives the remnants of Gen. Milroy's Union command out of Harpers Ferry.

    Event references (1)
  • July 4, 1864

    Early Captures Harpers Ferry

    Harpers Ferry, WV

    Jubal Early's Confederates attack and capture Harpers Ferry on their march toward Washington.

    Event references (1)